19-0000 LIFE, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
19-1000 Life Scientists
19-1010 Agricultural and Food Scientists
19-1011 Animal Scientists
Conduct research on genetics, nutrition, reproduction, and growth of domestic farm animals.
Illustrative examples: Animal Nutritionist, Dairy Scientist, Poultry Scientist
19-1012 Food Scientists and Technologists
Study food composition and processing through chemistry, microbiology, and engineering. Analyze nutrients, create safer and more nutritious foods, and optimize storage and packaging.
Illustrative examples: Food Safety Scientist, Enologist, Dairy Bacteriologist
19-1013 Soil and Plant Scientists
Research plant breeding, soil composition, pest control, and crop productivity. May classify and map soils or assess sustainable practices.
Illustrative examples: Horticulturist, Plant Physiologist, Arboreal Scientist
19-1020 Biological Scientists
19-1021 Biochemists and Biophysicists
Study chemical composition and physical principles of living organisms. Research metabolism, heredity, and effects of drugs or hormones.
Illustrative examples: Biological Chemist, Clinical Biochemist, Physical Biochemist
19-1022 Microbiologists
Investigate the growth and structure of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, including their medical and ecological roles.
Illustrative examples: Bacteriologist, Public Health Microbiologist, Virologist
19-1023 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
Study animal life, behavior, genetics, and habitat conservation. Evaluate the impact of human activity on ecosystems.
Illustrative examples: Marine Biologist, Herpetologist, Ornithologist
19-1029 Biological Scientists, All Other
All biological scientists not listed separately.
Illustrative examples: Embryologist, Osteologist, Paleobotanist
19-1030 Conservation Scientists and Foresters
19-1031 Conservation Scientists
Manage and protect natural resources to prevent erosion and sustain ecosystems. Advise on rangeland, soil, and water conservation.
Illustrative examples: Soil Conservationist, Range Ecologist, Grassland Conservationist
19-1032 Foresters
Manage public and private forests for conservation, recreation, and economic purposes. Plan harvest schedules and habitat protection.
Illustrative examples: Forest Ecologist, Timber Management Specialist, Environmental Protection Forester
19-1040 Medical Scientists
19-1041 Epidemiologists
Research patterns, causes, and control of diseases. Develop methods to prevent and contain outbreaks.
Illustrative examples: Epidemiology Investigator, Malariologist, Pharmacoepidemiologist
19-1042 Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Conduct biomedical research to improve human health. Includes physicians and pharmacologists engaged primarily in research.
Illustrative examples: Cancer Researcher, Immunochemist, Toxicologist
19-1099 Life Scientists, All Other
All other life scientists not listed separately.
Illustrative example: Life Science Taxonomist
19-2000 Physical Scientists
19-2010 Astronomers and Physicists
19-2011 Astronomers
Observe and analyze celestial phenomena to expand understanding of the universe.
Illustrative examples: Astrophysicist, Cosmologist
19-2012 Physicists
Conduct experiments and develop theories on physical phenomena and their practical applications.
Illustrative examples: Fluid Dynamicist, Molecular Physicist, Optical Scientist
19-2021 Atmospheric and Space Scientists
Investigate atmospheric conditions and develop weather forecasts using radar, satellites, and field data.
Illustrative examples: Meteorologist, Climatologist, Atmospheric Chemist
19-2030 Chemists and Materials Scientists
19-2031 Chemists
Conduct chemical experiments and analyses for product development and quality control.
Illustrative examples: Industrial Chemist, Food Chemist, Inorganic Chemist
19-2032 Materials Scientists
Research physical and chemical properties of metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites to develop new materials.
Illustrative examples: Plastics Scientist, Metallurgical Scientist, Ceramic Scientist
19-2040 Environmental Scientists and Geoscientists
19-2041 Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
Identify and reduce pollution sources; evaluate effects of human activity on ecosystems and public health.
Illustrative examples: Environmental Health Scientist, Water Pollution Scientist
19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
Study Earth’s structure and composition for exploration, resource management, or environmental protection.
Illustrative examples: Geochemist, Oceanographer, Volcanologist
19-2043 Hydrologists
Research movement and properties of surface and groundwater; analyze precipitation and flow systems.
Illustrative examples: Hydrogeologist, Surface Hydrologist
19-2099 Physical Scientists, All Other
All physical scientists not listed separately.
19-3000 Social Scientists and Related Workers
19-3011 Economists
Research and analyze economic data to understand production, distribution, and policy impacts.
Illustrative examples: Econometrician, Industrial Economist, Environmental Economist
19-3022 Survey Researchers
Design and conduct surveys to collect social, economic, or political data; interpret and analyze results.
Illustrative examples: Pollster, Survey Methodologist
19-3030 Psychologists
19-3032 Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
Apply psychology to workplace issues, including recruitment, training, and productivity.
Illustrative examples: Human Resources Psychologist, Management Psychologist
19-3033 Clinical and Counseling Psychologists
Diagnose and treat emotional or behavioral disorders through therapy and assessment.
Illustrative examples: Clinical Psychologist, Geropsychologist
19-3034 School Psychologists
Address learning and behavioral issues in educational settings; design performance improvement plans.
Illustrative example: Educational Psychologist
19-3039 Psychologists, All Other
All psychologists not listed separately.
Illustrative examples: Forensic Psychologist, Social Psychologist, Sports Psychologist
19-3041 Sociologists
Study human society and institutions; analyze social behavior and cultural influences.
Illustrative examples: Criminologist, Family Sociologist
19-3051 Urban and Regional Planners
Develop land-use plans and policies for towns, cities, and regions.
Illustrative examples: City Planner, Community Development Planner
19-3090 Miscellaneous Social Scientists and Related Workers
19-3091 Anthropologists and Archeologists
Study human evolution, cultures, and ancient civilizations through fieldwork and artifacts.
Illustrative examples: Ethnoarchaeologist, Research Archaeologist
19-3092 Geographers
Analyze physical and human geography; examine spatial patterns and relationships on Earth’s surface.
Illustrative examples: Economic Geographer, GIS Geographer
19-3093 Historians
Research and interpret historical records to understand past societies.
Illustrative examples: Genealogist, Historiographer
19-3094 Political Scientists
Study government systems, policy, and public opinion; analyze political trends and outcomes.
Illustrative examples: Political Consultant, Government Affairs Specialist
19-3099 Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
All social scientists not listed separately.
Illustrative examples: Demographer, Linguist
19-4000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians
19-4010 Agricultural and Food Science Technicians
19-4012 Agricultural Technicians
Support agricultural research in plant, soil, and animal science; collect and prepare samples.
Illustrative examples: Feed Research Technician, Seed Analyst
19-4013 Food Science Technicians
Test and analyze food quality and assist in product development and safety control.
Illustrative examples: Flavor Technician, Food Quality Control Technician
19-4021 Biological Technicians
Assist biological and medical scientists with experiments, data collection, and sample analysis.
Illustrative examples: Marine Fisheries Technician, Wildlife Technician
19-4031 Chemical Technicians
Conduct laboratory tests and chemical analyses to support research, product development, and quality assurance.
Illustrative examples: Chemical Lab Technician, Assayer
19-4040 Environmental Science and Geoscience Technicians
19-4042 Environmental Science and Protection Technicians
Perform tests and collect samples to monitor pollution and ensure compliance with environmental laws.
Illustrative examples: Environmental Science Technician, Pollution Control Technician
19-4043 Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians
Assist geoscientists in analyzing subsurface materials and recording field data.
Illustrative examples: Seismic Observer, Crude Tester
19-4044 Hydrologic Technicians
Measure and record water flow and levels; maintain field equipment and collect samples for analysis.
Illustrative example: Groundwater Monitoring Technician
19-4051 Nuclear Technicians
Support nuclear engineers and scientists in power generation and research; monitor radiation and equipment.
Illustrative examples: Radiochemical Technician, Nuclear Monitoring Technician
19-4061 Social Science Research Assistants
Assist social scientists in research design, data collection, and publication preparation.
Illustrative examples: Economic Research Assistant, Historian Research Aide
19-4071 Forest and Conservation Technicians
Provide technical assistance for forest management, wildlife conservation, and fire prevention.
Illustrative examples: Forestry Aide, Soil Conservation Technician
19-4090 Miscellaneous Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians
19-4092 Forensic Science Technicians
Collect and analyze physical evidence in criminal investigations; may testify as expert witnesses.
Illustrative examples: Crime Scene Technician, Ballistics Expert
19-4099 Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other
All other technicians not listed separately.
Illustrative examples: Meteorological Aide, Polygraph Examiner
19-5000 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists and Technicians
19-5011 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Evaluate workplace conditions to control hazards and prevent injuries or illness.
Illustrative examples: Industrial Hygienist, Health and Safety Inspector
19-5012 Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
Collect data and assist in implementing health and safety programs.
Illustrative examples: Ergonomics Technician, Construction Safety Technician